Predatory publishers are entities which produce open access journals that:
Sources:
Grudniewicz A, Moher D, Cobey KD, et al. Predatory journals: no definition, no defence. Nature. 2019;576(7786):210-212.
The InterAcademy Partnership (IAP). Combatting predatory academic journals and conferences. 2022.
Scrutinize journal websites with more than one of these traits: